In 2023, China's new energy vehicle market will continue to be hot, becoming one of the largest new energy vehicle markets in the world. Data shows that in the first half of 2023, the sales volume of new energy vehicles in China has reached 2 million, with a year-on-year growth of more than 100%. As a leader in the new energy vehicle market, Tesla has achieved sales of 500000 vehicles in the first half of 2023, becoming one of the best-selling electric vehicle brands in the Chinese market. In addition, domestic new energy vehicle brands are also gradually emerging in the market, and the sales of electric vehicles of JAC, BYD and other manufacturers are also showing explosive growth. If you want to systematically understand the new energy vehicle industry, the following seven dimensions must be understood.

1、 Classification of new energy vehicles

New energy vehicles refer to the vehicles that adopt new power systems and are driven entirely or mainly by new energy sources, including pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, hybrid vehicles with increased program and fuel cell vehicles.

2、 New energy automobile industry chain The new energy automobile industry is an important branch of the automobile industry, which has also changed the structure of the traditional automobile industry chain that has lasted for a hundred years. The power battery is the most important part in the middle of the industrial chain. At the same time, cobalt, nickel and other mineral resources are an important part of the power battery. Therefore, this kind of mineral resources is different from the upstream industrial chain of traditional automobiles. In the traditional automobile industry chain, the downstream vehicle manufacturers need to master the core technologies such as engine, chassis and gearbox; In the new energy vehicle industry chain, the research and development of core parts and components is gradually separated from the vehicle enterprises. The downstream vehicle manufacturers can purchase batteries, electric controls and motors. At the same time, some intelligent hardware and auxiliary driving chips can also be developed in cooperation with other enterprises, reducing the threshold for vehicle manufacturers to enter and giving subsidiaries more room for development. At the same time, industries serving the aftermarket of new energy vehicles, such as charging piles and power stations, will also play an increasingly important role in the industrial chain.

3、 The industrial atlas of new energy industry 3.1 The upstream rare earth and mineral rare earth permanent magnetic materials refer to the permanent magnetic materials made of alloys formed by rare earth elements E (cerium Sm, neodymium Nd, samarium Sm) and transition metal elements TM (iron Fe, cobalt Co) through the specified process, and are important basic materials that significantly improve the performance and efficiency of motors. China's reserve of rare earth mineral resources is 44 million tons, accounting for 36.7% of the global resources. Battery grade lithium carbonate, cobalt, nickel, platinum, dysprosium, etc. are key mineral resources for making battery positive and negative poles and rare permanent magnet motors. The rare earth permanent magnet drive motor has the advantages of wide field weakening speed regulation range, high power density ratio, high efficiency, high reliability, and can effectively reduce New energy vehicle charging pile Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet is the most widely used material in the drive motor of new energy vehicles at present.

3.2 Middle stream power battery Power battery is an essential part of pure electric vehicles. According to positive materials, it can be divided into ternary battery and lithium iron phosphate battery. Its installed capacity has increased 72 times in recent years. The power battery is closely related to the prosperity of the new energy vehicle market. At the same time, ternary batteries are favored by automobile enterprises due to their higher energy density, capacity and low-temperature performance. 3.3 Downstream - The industrial chain of traditional car enterprises' R&D, manufacturing and sales is extremely complete, inheriting the symbolic business concept of the entire industrial civilization stage, with a huge product system and a highly vertical subdivision that continues to optimize the division of labor system for hundreds of years, and its advantages in technology research and development and scale manufacturing are extremely obvious. But at the same time, due to its development inertia, the speed of embracing industry change is slow. At the same time, as an emerging force in recent years, the new force automobile enterprises have broken the traditional car building ideas and defined automobile products reversely with user needs and experience as the core, New energy vehicle maintenance The function of the car is transformed from a vehicle to an intelligent travel space, giving users a good driving experience.

3.4 Post service - charging and power exchange At present, the energy supply of new energy vehicles can be realized through charging and power exchange, and charging can be divided into AC charging and DC charging. The orderly charging mode can cut peak and fill valley while meeting the charging demand, reduce the demand for capacitance and reduce the pressure on the power grid. At the same time, the power change mode is also gradually exerting its power. In the recent press conference of the State Council Information Office, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that it would encourage enterprises to research and develop new charging and power change technologies, explore the application of the mode of vehicle electricity separation, and the power change mode is expected to usher in a rapid development stage.

3.5 Post service - There are a lot of harmful substances such as heavy metals in the power battery, especially the nickel, cobalt and manganese elements in the ternary battery, which have a certain biological toxicity. Arbitrary discard will damage the ecological environment and threaten human health. At the same time, power battery recycling can generate great value for the new energy vehicle industry, improve the supply of raw materials, and reduce the dependence on upstream ores; A closed-loop recycling mode can be established within the enterprise to realize the recycling of resources. Among them, the lithium iron phosphate battery has the value of secondary utilization, and the ternary battery has a high value of recycling and dismantling due to its containing scarce metals.

4、 Automatic driving application development Automatic driving refers to the technology that enables the vehicle to have environmental awareness, path planning and autonomous vehicle control. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SEA) classifies the concept of automatic driving into LO~L5 according to the degree of control over the vehicle by the system, wherein L1-L3 mainly plays the role of auxiliary driving. When the L4 level is reached, the vehicle control can be completely handed over to the system. At present, our country is developing and testing L4 level automatic driving technology. The mass production application of automatic driving vehicles is transitioning from L2 to L3 level, and its development is closely related to 5G, transportation infrastructure, sensors, etc. At present, many enterprises such as Didi and Baidu have started the test of autonomous vehicles.

5、 The development of Internet of Vehicles application The Internet of Vehicles system refers to the collection, storage and transmission of all working conditions, static and dynamic information of vehicles through the central control screen, sensors, high-precision maps and other on-board systems. The Internet of Vehicles (IOV) system generally has the real-time live view function, and uses the mobile network to realize the mutual cooperation of people, vehicles, roads and clouds. Among them, car cloud collaboration is the mutual collaboration between the vehicle itself and the cloud platform, and the enterprise has high control or will take the lead in the future. In addition, due to the proposal of new infrastructure, the acceleration of the construction of new road infrastructure is expected to be achieved in the medium term. However, the standards of vehicle vehicle communication and vehicle passenger communication need to be established for a long time, or can be sent as Internet of Vehicles