As we all know, charging piles have become more and more important living facilities, but most people still have a half understanding of the basic knowledge and working principle of the national standard new energy charging piles. If you are interested in this professional knowledge, let's learn about it today!
Principle and structure of AC charging pile
AC charging pile is a power supply device, which is connected to the power grid to provide AC power to the on-board charger of electric vehicles. This equipment only has the power output function, and does not have the charging function. It needs to connect the on-board charger to charge the electric vehicle.
In fact, the AC charging pile only plays the role of power control. Its types include single-phase AC power and three-phase AC power. The power can reach 2KW, 3.3KW, 7KW, 11KW, 22KW and other different specifications. Among them, household single-phase 220V 7KW charging posts are most widely used.
The 7KW AC charging pile is mainly composed of pile body, LED indicator board, LCD display, card reader, auxiliary power supply, main control module, relay module, wiring bank, single-phase circuit breaker, surge protective device, smart meter, AC contactor, access control switch, emergency stop switch, charging gun, charging wire harness and other components. (At present, the single-phase 220V 7KW charging gun is equipped with 7 holes and 5 contact terminals, and the high-power charging gun such as three-phase 380V 22KW charging gun is equipped with 7 full contact terminals.
Principle and structure of DC charging post
DC charging pile is a device that is fixed outside the electric vehicle and connected to the AC power grid to provide DC power for off board electric vehicle batteries. Its input voltage is three-phase four wire AC 380 V ± 15%, and the frequency is 50 Hz; After internal control rectification, adjustable DC power is output to directly charge the electric vehicle battery. Common power includes 30KW, 60KW, 90KW and 120KW.
Generally, 60KW charging pile mainly includes LED indicator board, LCD display, card reader, rectifier (two 30KW), wireless network module, switching power supply, main control board, anti reflection board, electronic lock, fuse, ammeter, (A+) air switch, leakage circuit breaker, lightning protector, single-phase air switch, shunt, cooling fan and other components.
Charging post
The pile structure of charging pile is usually made of steel, aluminum alloy and other materials, with strong durability and stability.
Charging module
The charging module is the core component of the charging pile, which includes the charger, controller, power supply and other components. As the main part of the charging pile, the charger undertakes the task of transforming electric energy into electric energy required by electric vehicles. The controller is responsible for regulating the operation state of the charger and various parameters during the charging process to ensure the safety and stability of the charging process. The power supply is the source of power for the charging module.
display
The display screen of the charging pile is usually used to display the status, charging progress, charging cost and other information of the charging pile. The types and sizes of display screens are different. Some charging piles are also equipped with touch screens, which are convenient for users to use, realize human-computer interaction, and meet the personalized needs of different types of users.
Accounting management module
The financial management module synchronously obtains the real-time electricity price and the consumed electric energy and other data, calculates and collects the consumption amount, and issues bills. This process requires close cooperation between the controller and the embedded printer. The charging pile adopts the trapezoidal electricity price policy, and the controller accurately calculates the consumption amount and completes the charging. The printer interacts with the controller, which transmits the consumption information to the printer and prints the detailed record of the charging bill.
Connects Cables
The connecting cable is the bridge between the charging pile and the electric vehicle, which is responsible for transmitting electric energy and data. The quality and length of the connecting cable directly affect the charging efficiency and safety. Some high-end charging piles are also equipped with an automatic wire winder, which is convenient for users.
Safety protection device
The safety protection devices of charging piles include leakage protection, overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, etc. These devices can effectively protect the safety of charging piles and electric vehicles.
The design and manufacturing quality of the above six major parts directly affect the service life and safety of the charging pile. Therefore, attention should be paid to these aspects when purchasing the charging pile.
Operating principle of charging post
The AC power is input from the three-phase power grid, converted into DC power through the bridge uncontrolled rectifier circuit, filtered by the LCR circuit and sent to the high-frequency DC-DC power converter. The power converter outputs the required DC voltage through the direct to direct conversion, and charges the electric vehicle battery after the output filtering. Four modes of charging can be selected, namely, fixed power, fixed time, fixed amount and automatic (until full).
To sum up, the working principle of the charging pile can be summarized as combining the power supply, converter and output device, so as to change the voltage from low to high, convert the high voltage into a state that can provide power supply, and finally realize charging the electric vehicle.
