In 2021, the global sales of new energy vehicles have made remarkable achievements.
According to the data of China Automobile Association, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in 2021 will be 3.545 million and 3.521 million respectively, with year-on-year growth of 159.5% and 157.5% respectively. In addition, China's new energy vehicles also show a trend of increasing proportion in total passenger vehicles, rapid growth in product exports and rapid improvement in quality brands. According to EV Volumes, in 2021, the cumulative sales of new energy vehicles in the world will be nearly 6.5 million, an increase of 108% over the same period last year.
It is gratifying to note that after years of faltering development, China's new energy vehicles have gradually transformed from a policy driven market to a consumption driven market. However, it is also worth being vigilant that under the momentum of the new energy vehicle industry, a large number of new energy vehicles entering the market have brought huge transformation pressure to the automobile after-sales maintenance. On the one hand, a large number of new energy vehicle after-sales maintenance personnel are required, on the other hand, they also put forward new requirements for their ability.
01
New energy vehicle shortage talent changes
As early as 2018, the Automobile Talent Research Association started the research on new energy automobile three electricity talents. At that time, Chen Dan, the person in charge of the research, said that the enterprise was most in need of middle and high-end talents in the field of three electricity talents. The shortage of talents in various fields was different, focusing on battery cell and BMS research and development, battery manufacturing process engineers and other fields.
After several years of rapid development, the shortage of talents in the upstream R&D field of new energy vehicles has gradually eased with the continuous investment and training of talents in the industry in the three electricity industry. However, in the downstream post market area, with the continuous increase in the number of new energy vehicles, a large number of after-sales maintenance needs have arisen, making new energy vehicle after-sales maintenance talents become scarce, This has become a common problem in the global automotive industry.
The National Automobile Dealers Association once said that the retail automobile industry in the American automobile market needs about 76000 new technical personnel every year to fill the expected job vacancies. Statistics show that the gap of auto sales and after-sales talents in China has reached 700000. At the annual meeting of Chinese battery engineers and the battery industry chain technology elite exchange meeting, Zhang Minyu, the technical director of Beijing Green Wisdom Energy Technology Research Institute, speculated that there was a gap of 100000 new energy vehicle after-sales personnel a year, including energy storage after-sales, maintenance and regular inspection personnel. It is worth emphasizing that there is a structural shortage of talents in the new energy industry, namely, regional shortage and post shortage.
The regional shortage is mainly concentrated in the factory front-line personnel. As we all know, it is unlikely for the automobile industry to build factories in large cities, especially because of the large floor area and the requirements of logistics, safety and fire protection, they are generally selected in relatively remote areas. This is a regional problem, which determines that some people are unwilling to go to such places. New energy vehicle charging pile
The reason for the shortage of jobs is that, with the development chain of the automobile industry becoming longer and longer, the comprehensive requirements for personnel are higher. From products to practical operations, employees need to master more knowledge and practical experience. The development of industry, the development of technology and the change of production mode have caused the shortage of talents in many posts.
According to relevant experts, at present New energy vehicle maintenance The talent shortage is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, there is a shortage of battery detection and maintenance technicians, and the traditional vehicle maintenance technicians cannot meet the needs of electric vehicle electrification detection, maintenance and repair; Secondly, there is a shortage of technicians for fault maintenance of charging piles, and there is a demand for blowout in the professional talent market of charging piles. The installation and inspection of charging piles may become a new type of work; Third, there is a shortage of big data analysis engineers. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles generate a large number of battery related data during use, but few professionals can analyze these data.
02
Intelligent electric vehicles put forward new requirements for the knowledge and ability of maintenance personnel
With the transformation of the new four modernizations of automobiles and the upgrading of core technologies, the industry and the market have put forward higher requirements for automobile inspection and maintenance practitioners.
In addition to a few parts and systems involving software, traditional fuel vehicles still operate in mechanical form with physical properties on the whole. Now, new energy vehicles are composite battery+electronic products. The battery system involves the fields of chemistry, electronics and information, and the electronic control system involves the fields of electronics and information. In addition, new energy vehicles are equipped with more intelligent networking technologies, so the maintenance demand for intelligent networking technologies also increases. Therefore, the requirements for the knowledge and ability of maintenance personnel are different. Electric vehicle charging pile
The internal structure of new energy vehicles is different from that of traditional fuel vehicles, which makes most of the technical experience accumulated by the maintenance technicians of traditional fuel vehicles no longer applicable. For example, the voltage involved in new energy vehicles is very high, and the existing main engine manufacturers basically stipulate that maintenance technicians engaged in this type of maintenance must hold "electrician certificate" to operate. The electromechanical separation in the auto repair industry is an old tradition, but now the automobile products are more and more advanced, and intelligent parts are widely used. Simple electromechanical separation is difficult to solve high-end vehicle maintenance, and electromechanical integration has gradually become the mainstream. In addition, the inspection and maintenance of new energy vehicles' components with chemistry, electronics and information as the core requires more accurate, rigorous and zero error rate inspection tools and measurement methods.
With the improvement of intelligent car assisted automatic driving, after-sales technicians also need to have the ability to handle and master the latest iteration of OTA, infotainment hardware, software programming and engine mechanics, as well as automotive computer systems, advanced sensing and communication systems. For example, in the future, autonomous vehicles will be equipped with a large number of sensing devices, such as millimeter wave radar, laser radar, monocular camera, to sense and collect real-time road conditions. Therefore, in vehicle maintenance, the thickness of paint applied to the bumper must be carefully detected, otherwise the sensitivity of sensors and cameras built into the components will be affected, which will affect driving safety.
It can be said that under the double-sided strike of the trend of electrification and intellectualization, intelligent electric vehicle maintenance personnel are facing double challenges. Maintenance personnel need to have multiple composite capabilities such as mechanical maintenance, electronic maintenance, information system maintenance and repair, as well as advanced auxiliary driving, automatic driving system maintenance and repair.
03
It is imperative to improve talent training system and talent evaluation
One of the important factors for customers to decide whether to buy new energy vehicles is their maintenance supporting measures. However, at present, there is a huge gap of talents who master the professional skills of new energy vehicle maintenance, which causes great inconvenience to consumers and will hinder the further popularization of new energy vehicles.
The White Paper on the Maintenance Industry of China's Automotive Aftermarket
