In China, there are environmental pollution phenomena such as dust, industry, water resources, coal burning, and automobile exhaust. With the continuous growth of automobile ownership, automobile exhaust pollution has become an important source of environmental pollution. Many cities have to control automobile exhaust emissions in the face of heavy pollution weather by limiting the number of vehicles. In the era of heavy environmental protection tasks, many automobile manufacturing enterprises actively research and develop hybrid and pure electric new energy vehicles, which are widely used in China. Although this effectively reduces vehicle exhaust pollution, it is of great significance to put forward new requirements for maintenance work and strengthen the analysis and discussion of vehicle maintenance technology.

01

Technical complexity of new energy vehicles

When developing new energy vehicles, people fully integrate electronic technology, information technology, automobile manufacturing technology, energy science and other contents, and promote the driving and control of new energy vehicles to become more intelligent.

For example, drive and drive control technology, because pure electric vehicles are the use and development direction of new energy vehicles, in order to promote new energy vehicles to reach the standard of pure electric vehicles, we must use powerful and reliable motors, and use new motor control technologies, including direct torque control, vector control and other technologies, reflecting the technical complexity. However, it is precisely because the body structure of new energy vehicles contains a large number of circuit structures and electronic components that require vehicle maintenance personnel to face more complex structures when maintaining new energy vehicles, increasing the difficulty for maintenance personnel to troubleshoot new energy vehicles.

At the same time, in order to realize the diversified kinetic energy of new energy vehicles, their parts also have greater complexity and high scientific and technological content. In the process of vehicle driving, these high-precision parts are used more frequently, easily damaged, and have a greater probability of failure. However, precision components are inherently very complex, leading to increasingly diversified failures of new energy vehicles. Only by continuously improving the level of maintenance technology can we meet New energy vehicle maintenance It is required to improve the troubleshooting rate.  

02

Key points of vehicle maintenance technology

Maintenance Technology of Hybrid Vehicle

From the current car market share, we can see that hybrid vehicles are more popular and occupy a larger proportion of the market. BMW, Land Rover, Porsche and other high-end vehicles have launched hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles usually rely on fuel to drive, but when starting or at low speed, the effect of energy conservation and emission reduction can be achieved through electric power cooperation. Compared with the fuel models of the same model or vehicles of the same class, the fuel volume of hybrid vehicles has significantly decreased. The common small faults of hybrid electric vehicles mainly include ignition system fault, oil circuit system fault and circuit fault. Battery pack fault, failure to exhaust fire and abnormal operation of generator are common large faults. Small faults are almost consistent with traditional vehicle maintenance technology, and the maintenance of large faults is the key. New energy vehicle charging pile

For example, when the oil electric hybrid vehicle cannot start normally, check whether the starter and generator are abnormal, because long-term use is likely to lead to damage or aging of the engine and generator, loose plug and other phenomena, and determine the technology used according to the actual situation during maintenance. The battery detection technology can also be used to check whether the battery of the hybrid electric vehicle has oxidation, power loss, loose joints, etc. If there is any, the oxide of the battery must be cleaned in time, and the battery must be charged or replaced in time.  

Maintenance technology of pure electric vehicle

Although oil electric hybrid vehicles are more popular at present, pure electric vehicles have always been the development trend of new energy vehicles. Their power transmission is to use crude refined fuel for power generation, transmit power to the internal power battery pack of the vehicle, or supplement power for the vehicle by using household slow charging or DC pile fast charging. The battery is its power source, This is also the focus of maintenance. When repairing battery of pure electric vehicle, prevent battery from power loss due to storage.

For example, when the battery is not in use, it should also be regularly charged to keep the battery in good condition to avoid power loss; The periodic detection technology is used to repair the battery. If the endurance of the pure electric vehicle is weakened during the use process, it is most likely because of the battery. Regular inspection must be carried out to ensure the normal use of the battery and ensure the normal driving of the pure electric vehicle. For another example, the maintenance of the controller must be carried out in a safe working environment. In fact, many controllers have been properly allocated before leaving the factory. The maintenance personnel cannot disassemble them during inspection, nor can they arbitrarily change the wiring of the contactor, so that the controller has enough time to release the remaining power, and at the same time, the dust must be regularly cleaned, Ensure that the controller itself and its surroundings are clean and sanitary.  

03

Measures to improve the technical level of automobile maintenance

Check the car before maintenance

As mentioned above, the internal structure design of new energy vehicles is quite different from that of traditional fuel vehicles, whether it is a hybrid vehicle or a pure electric vehicle. In particular, the circuit structure is particularly cumbersome. Before maintenance, it is necessary to do a series of inspections to find the location and source of the fault and clarify the direction of subsequent maintenance work. For example, when the new energy vehicle is at a standstill, check its vacuum pump and controller, step on the pedal, carefully observe the operation of the vacuum pump and whether the control unit works normally; Check the tightness of the vacuum pipeline, and focus on observing whether there is damage, aging, air leakage, oil leakage and other phenomena at the place where the pipeline is connected, so as to ensure that there is a sufficient safety distance between the hose and the body parts; Carefully check the circuit inside the vehicle to make sure whether there is aging, adhesion, damage, wiring cracking and other phenomena in the circuit. Once problems are found, power must be cut off before handling to prevent more serious faults; After completing the maintenance work, the tire pressure, braking system and lights of the new energy vehicle shall be checked regularly to ensure the safe driving of the vehicle.  

Grasp the precautions for maintenance of new energy vehicles

Electronic diagnosis technology is widely used in the repair and maintenance of new energy vehicles, that is, in the maintenance work, electronic equipment is used to comprehensively detect the faults of new energy vehicles, and scientific maintenance technology and methods are adopted to achieve diagnosis without disassembly. For example, maintenance personnel use electronic diagnostic technology to detect the fault of the whole vehicle, ask for the maintenance opinions of the owner after determining the fault, formulate the vehicle fault maintenance plan accordingly, and check the vehicle fault according to the file requirements. Electric vehicle charging pile It is not necessary to disassemble the new energy vehicle when it is checked by electronic diagnosis technology. It can determine the location and cause of the fault in the shortest time, greatly improving the efficiency of vehicle maintenance and reducing maintenance