In recent years, China's new energy vehicles have been on the fast track of development. According to the prediction of relevant institutions, the sales volume of new energy passenger vehicles in China is expected to reach 8.5 million this year, and the penetration rate may reach 36%. While the market is expanding rapidly, consumers are also encountering new troubles. Recently, some media reported that many consumers said that it was easy to buy new energy vehicles and difficult to repair them, and sometimes they even had to travel many times to find a place where they could repair them. Behind the difficulty of maintenance is the current domestic New energy vehicle maintenance There is an overall shortage of talents. According to some research, by 2025, China's new energy vehicle maintenance field will face 80% of talent vacancies. It can be predicted that if the problem of insufficient supply of new energy auto repair personnel is not solved as soon as possible, the healthy and sustainable development of China's new energy auto industry will be further affected with the increasing number of new energy vehicles and the lack of maintenance workers.
01
80% talent gap
Maintenance mainly depends on the supplier
According to the statistics of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2022, China's new energy vehicles will continue to explode, with sales of 6.887 million vehicles, up 93.4% year on year. It accounted for 29.2% of the overall passenger car sales (23.563 million vehicles). However, in the field of supporting auto repair, the speed of talent training is somewhat behind, and there is a shortage.
According to the manager of a Shanghai automobile maintenance store, the main business currently includes fuel vehicles and new energy maintenance. Now the number of new energy vehicles entering the store has increased from 10% last year to 20%~30%. New energy vehicle maintenance orders are increasing, but the auto repair workers can't keep up. Wang Kunfa, president of Chongqing Jiangbei District Automobile Maintenance Association, said that with the promotion and popularization of new energy vehicles, the demand for auto repair talents in brand auto chain stores and large auto repair shops has soared, and the market gap accounts for about 80%. New energy auto repair will become one of the popular jobs.
Industry experts pointed out that the current shortage of new energy vehicle maintenance personnel is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, the shortage of battery detection and maintenance technicians, and the traditional vehicle maintenance technicians can not meet the needs of electric vehicle electrification detection, maintenance and repair; Secondly, there is a shortage of technicians for fault maintenance of charging piles, and there is a demand for blowout in the professional talent market of charging piles. The installation and inspection of charging piles may become a new type of work; Third, there is a shortage of big data analysis engineers. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles generate a large number of battery related data during use, but few professionals can analyze these data.
"The demand for after-sales talents from three electricity suppliers will soon break out." Yuan Libin, president of Hunan Geely Automobile Vocational and Technical College and president of Xiangtan Institute of Technology, said that unlike traditional fuel vehicles, suppliers are basically directly responsible for after-sales because of the high threshold of three electricity maintenance technology for new energy vehicles. In particular, for power batteries, except for BYD, most automobile enterprises rely on external procurement of batteries. As the number of new energy vehicles increases, the demand for after-sales talents from three electricity suppliers will also increase.
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New requirements for skills and knowledge
As an innovative compound "new species" that gathers the core elements of the "new four modernizations" transformation of automobiles, new energy vehicles are significantly different from traditional automobiles in terms of technical route, product structure, user consumption, after-sales service, supporting support system, etc. They cannot be viewed with traditional eyes, nor can after-sales service be performed in traditional ways. This means that compared with traditional vehicles, after-sales service of new energy vehicles requires different professional abilities of technicians.
According to Wang Hao, the founder and CEO of Coppola Automotive Consulting Services (Qingdao) Co., Ltd., for the detection, maintenance and component replacement of traditional fuel vehicles, the fault tolerance rate is high, while for the detection and maintenance of components of new energy vehicles with chemistry, electronics and information as the core, more precise and low error rate professional tools, equipment and methods need to be used. It can be said that most of the maintenance experience of traditional fuel vehicles has "failed" in new energy vehicles. In particular, it is worth noting that the operation safety risk levels of the two are different. In the after-sales operation of traditional fuel vehicles, they are faced with the risk of accidental injuries such as crushing and smashing caused by mechanical parts to the operators. Although they also involve automobile circuits, they are all within the safe voltage and rarely pose a threat to human life. The core component of new energy vehicles is the high-voltage electrical system, which is generally maintained at a voltage of 300~700 volts, and can cause instant casualties. Therefore, after-sales operators need to learn and master the safety protection measures and standardized operation methods of high-voltage electricity.
In addition, on new energy vehicles, whether it is the three electric system, or the intelligent cockpit, high-level driving assistance, are all new areas that traditional vehicle maintenance workers need to face. If they do not understand the manufacturer's maintenance methods and methods, some third-party maintenance agencies may not be able to find problems and solve them. What's more troublesome is that the speed of update and iteration of domestic electric intelligent vehicles has not left enough time for auto repair training and education institutions to cultivate and train talents. "For many auto repair training and education institutions and schools, perhaps the fastest training progress still stays in the maintenance of electrical components." Industry experts frankly said that in terms of high-level intelligence, schools may not have special courses and training methods, let alone train skilled workers with new energy vehicles and intelligent vehicle maintenance capabilities.
According to Yuan Libin, although the outbreak of the new energy vehicle after-sales market lags behind the outbreak of the new energy vehicle market for two or three years due to the low failure rate of new vehicles and the warranty period, the talent training must catch up with the sales blowout. However, it was not until the release of the 2014 Revision of the Professional Catalog of Higher Vocational Education that the new energy vehicle related professional catalog officially appeared in China's automotive higher vocational education system. By June 2019, the Ministry of Education issued the Professional Catalog of Secondary Vocational Schools. Among the 46 new majors added, New energy vehicle maintenance and new energy vehicle assembly, adjustment and maintenance have been added, and new energy vehicle specialty has emerged in China's higher and secondary vocational education system. A personage in the industry who did not want to be named pointed out: "According to the 4-year training time, the vocational colleges of new energy vehicles opened in 2016, and the first batch of graduates will be officially employed in 2020. It is conceivable that China's new energy vehicle skilled talents are in a serious shortage."
